Fig. 2

Antiviral validation of selected anti-inflammatory compounds. (A) Antiviral activity of compounds to inhibit ASFV infection in Vero cells. Virus and compound were added at the same time to cells and the viral titer in supernatant was measured. (B) Direct (virucidal) effect of compounds on extracellular ASFV particles. Virus and compound were pre-mixed, incubated, diluted 20-fold, and then the diluted virus-compound mixture was added to infect cells. The viral titer in supernatant was measured. (C) Vero cell viability after incubation with different compound concentrations, as evaluated by crystal violet staining method. The horizontal dashed line corresponds to a 20% drop in relative cell viability. The relative viability of mock-treated cells was defined as 100%. In panels (A) and (B), all compounds were tested at 50 µM except for tetrandrine, which was tested at 25 µM. ASFV means virus-only control without compound addition. Results represent the mean ± s.d. of three independent experiments (n = 3). Significant differences compared to control are denoted by ^*p < 0.05 and ^**p < 0.01